Efficiently Boosting in Wireless Sensor Network Using Adaptive Split and Merge Clustering Algorithm

This paper deals with a novel forwarding scheme for wireless sensor networks aimed at combining low computational complexity and high performance in terms of energy efficiency and reliability. This paper analyses the disadvantages of excessive clustering time because of the possible uneven cluster density. As a result, we present an ASMC algorithm. The proposed algorithm provides adaptability to mobile nodes and has no limitation to the network extensibility. An analytical model for estimating the energy efficiency of the scheme is presented, and several practical issues such as the effect of unreliable channels, topology changes, and MAC overhead are discussed. Key Terms: ASMC, energy efficiency, packet splitting, reliability, wireless sensor networks. INTRODUCTION A wireless sensor network is a collection of sensor nodes organized into a cooperative networks. A sensor is a small device which observes the environment of physical parameters such as temperature, pressure, relative humidity, sound, vibration, motion or pollutants, at different locations. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is highly distributed networks of wireless sensor nodes, deployed in large numbers to monitor the environment or system. Sensor nodes have limited transmission ranges and organize themselves in an ad hoc manner, which means that two wireless sensor nodes that cannot reach each other directly transmit on other sensor nodes to relay data between them .In general ,data packets from the source node have to traverse multiple hops before they reach the destination.In recent years, in order to guarantee the WSNs survivability and increase the network lifetime in such special-purpose environments, various energy-efficient schemes have been proposed in the literature [1-5]. Many algorithms mainly focus on the energy balance of the nodes to prolong the lifetime. Clustering is one of the basic approaches for designing energy-efficient, robust and highly scalable distributed sensor networks. A sensor network reduces the communication overhead by clustering, and also decreases the energy consumption and the interference among the sensor nodes.